Handbook of Mathematical Functions With Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables (AMS55)
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8 PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS Table 2.4. Miscellaneous Conversion Factors Standard gravity, go = 9.806 65 meters per second per second* Standard atmospheric pressure, Po = 1.013 25 X lo5 newtons per square meter" = 1.013 25 x lo6 dynes per square centimeter" 1 thermodynamic calorie,l cal, = 4.1840 joules" 1 IT calorie2, cal, = 4.1868 joules* 1 liter, 1 = cubic meter" 1 angstrom unit, B = 10-lo meter* 1 bar = lo5 newtons per square meter" = lo6 dynes per square centimeter* 1 gal = lo-' meter per second per second* = 1 centimeter per second per second* 1 astronomical unit, AU = 1.496 x 1011 meters 1 light year = 9.46 x 1015 meters 1 parsec = 3.08 x 10I6 meters = 3.26 light years 1 curie, the quantity of radioactive material undergoing 3.7 x 1O1O disintegrations per second". 1 roentgen, the exposure of x- or gamma radiation which produces together with its secondaries 2.082 X lo9 electron-ion pairs in 0.001 293 gram of air. The index of refraction of the atmosphere for radio waves of frequency less than 3 x 1 O 1 O Hz is given by (n - 1)106 = (77.6/t) (p + 4810e/t), where n is the refractive index; t, temperature in kelvins; p , total pressure in millibars; e, water vapor partial pressure in millibars. Factors for converting the customary United States units to units of the metric system are given in Table 2.5. Table 2.5. Factors for Converting Customary U.S. TJnits to SI Units 1 yard 0.914 4 meter" 1 foot 0.304 8 meter* 1 inch 0.025 4 meter* 1 statute mile 1609.344 meters" 1 nautical mile (inter- 1852 meters" national) 1 pound (avdp.) 0.453 592 37 kilogram* 1 oz. (avdp.) 0.028 349 52 kilogram 1 pound force 4.448 22 newtons 1 slug 14.593 9 kilograms 1 poundal 0.138 255 newtons 1 foot pound Temperature 32 + (9/5) Celsius (Fahrenheit) temperature* 1 British thermal unit3 1055 joules 1.355 82 joules Geodetic constants for the international (Hayford) spheroid are given in Table 2.6. The gravity values are on the basis of the re- vised Potsdam value. They are about 14 parts per million smaller than previous values. They are calculated for the surface of the geoid by the international formula. Table 2.6. Geodetic Constants a = 6 378 388 m; f = 1/297; b = 6 356 912 m Length of longitude Latitude 00 15 30 45 60 75 90 Meters 1855.398 1792.580 1608.174 1314.175 930.047 481.725 0 Length of 1' of latitude Meters 1842.925 1844.170 1847.580 1852.256 1856.951 1860.401 1861.666 mls~ 9.780 350 9.783 800 9.793 238 9.806 154 9.819 099 9.828 593 9.832 072 Used principally by chemists. 2 Used principally by engineers. 3 Various definitions are given for the British thermal unit. This represents a rounded mean value differing from none of the more important definitions by more than 3 in 104. * Exact value.